The Social, Communal and Cerebral Estimation of Jhumka

Nabiha Muzafar

Abstract

This research has explored the cultural, social, and intellectual value of the Jhumka, a traditional earring that holds deep symbolic meaning in Punjabi society. Punjab, located in Northern India and the eastern part of Pakistan, is a region rich in history, culture, and heritage. Its people, known as Punjabis, speak the Punjabi language and come from a diverse background influenced by major faiths such as Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Over the centuries, the region has witnessing  the influence of various civilizations including the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Egyptians, Afghans, and Mongols, all of which have contributed to its vibrant cultural identity. The study aims to understand how the Jhumka functions as more than just an ornament, how it reflects personal and collective identity, expresses femininity, and carries intellectual and artistic value. It also seeks to examine how religious, regional, and gender norms shape the meanings and roles attached to this cultural accessory. In traditional Punjabi society, women are held in high regard as mothers, daughters, wives, and sisters, and are offered great respect in their familial roles. Social customs often reflect this reverence, where others' mothers or sisters are treated as one's own. However, Punjabi women are also expected to conform to certain ideals, being modest, quiet, and obedient. For instance, it is often considered inappropriate for women to wear makeup before marriage. Within these expectations, the Jhumka stands out as a subtle yet powerful symbol, both celebrating and challenging traditional views of beauty, identity, and self-expression.